Enoch wood perry



(No Model.)

E. W. PERRY, Jr. PENCIL 0R GRAYON.

No. 452,890. Patented May 26, 1891.

When rem nvezgor, M 272002 7fioqll riyc7i @zaz 57g UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ENOCII XVOOD PERRY, JR, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, IO THE AMERICAN LEAD PENCIL COMPANY, OF

SAME PLACE.

PENCIL OR CRAYON.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 452,890, dated May 26, 1891.

Application filed June 21, 1890.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ENOCH IVOOD PERRY, J12, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and 5 State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Pencils or Crayons, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object to provide new and useful lead-pencils, slate-pencils, and i crayons which are far stronger and tougher than anyheretofore made; and to such end it consists, essentially, in a pencil or crayon composed of a body material, such as plumbago, graphite, chalk, Chinese clay, blue or red or I other coloring-matter, in conjunction or combination with nitro-cellulose or other pyroxyline compound.

The invention also consists in a pencil or crayon composed of plumbago, graphite, chalk, Chinese clay, or other coloring-matter, in conjunction with a pyroxyline compound and non-volatile or essential oil.

In the drawing the figure represents a penoil-stick made according to the invention.

In carrying myinvention into effectImiX,by trituration or otherwise, a quantity of graphite or plumbago and a quantity of nitrocellulose or other pyroxyline compound. The proportion of graphite or plumbago may vary from fifty to one hundred and fifty per cent.

'or more of the amount of pyroxyline used, ac-

cording to the quality of pencil desired; or

instead of plumbago, ivory or lamp-black or other dark pigment may be employed, and the 3 5 proportions of the same may vary according to the intensity of the pigment used. To still further intensify the color of the pencil, there may be used, in addition to the pigment colors, aniline colors, such as nicrosine or the like.

In order to exemplify the working of the invention, I miX about as follows: To one hundred parts, in weight, of dry pyroXyline pulp I add a body material composed of one hundred and twenty-five parts of graphite, seventy-five parts camphor, and about seventy-five parts of alcohol. This mixture is then manipulated on rolls, as is well known in the arts, and then pressed into blocks and cut into Serial No. 356,283. (No specimens.)

sheets, which are subdivided as may be desired; or the rolled material may be placed into a stuffing machine and the material stuifed into such shape as maybe needed. I have found that the above gives a pencil of a good average marking quality. In order to produce a pencil of a greater intensity of color, I increase the proportion of graphite and add thereto a certain amount of lamp-black or other coloring-matter. In this Way I produce a very tough pencil, which is totally free from grit.

I further have found that the mark of the pencil may be made more permanent by an erine, or stearine may be employed. For eX- ample, twenty per cent. of cedar oil added to the ingredients aforesaid will make a pencil of excellent quality. Colored pigments may be employed to produce various colored crayons or pencils, in combination with pyroxyline, and manipulated in the same manner as the before-mentioned graphite compound.

The material prepared as described is formed into pencil sticks, which may be inclosed in wooden, paper, or other sheaths, or the sticks can be used in holders, such as are adapted for ordinary movable lead crayons.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. As a new article of manufacture, a pencil or crayon consisting of a body material and a pyroxyline compound, substantiallyas described.

2. A pencil or crayon consisting of a body material, a pyroxyline compound, and an oil, substantially as described.

3. A pencil or crayon consisting of a body material, a pyroxyline compound, an oil, and a coloring agent, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ENOCH IVOOD PERRY, J R.

Witnesses:

J. H. CARMIENCKE, G. V. A. Concise.

addition of oil to the aforementioned compound, and for this purpose I may use castor or cam phor or cedar oil, or other oil or glyc- 

